1 Aviation Benefits of GNSS Augmentation Workshop on "GNSS Applications for Human Benefit and Development“ Prague, Czech Republic 24-25 September 2010 Jeffrey Auerbach Advisor on GNSS Affairs Office of Space and Advanced Technology U.S. Department of State
2 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Overview GBAS/LAAS Capabilities and the Future Benefits of SBAS/WAAS Global SBAS and Aviation – Where are We Headed? 2
3 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 U.S. GPS Augmentation Programs Designed for Aviation 3
4 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Aviation Capabilities Precision approach for ILS Category - I, II, III approaches Multiple runway coverage at an airport 3D RNP procedures (can be supported by multiple navigation sources) Continuous Decent Arrivals (CDA) Navigation for closely spaced parallel runways Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Designed for aviation use 4
5 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 LAAS Next Steps Category-I system design approval at Memphis – Complete Category-III ICAO technical validation completed (May 2010) Category-III final investment decision by - 2012 5
6 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 GBAS/LAAS Usage Current airlines GBAS equipped –Continental, Delta Airlines, Qantas, Air Berlin, TuiFly, Sonair, Air Vanatu, Emirates More than 15 countries have active GBAS programs 6 Installed Planned S-CAT I
7 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) Designed for aviation use, but available and used by many GPS users today Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (LPV)-200 approach is comparable to ILS Category I 7
8 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 WAAS Architecture 8 38 Reference Stations 3 Master Stations 4 Ground Earth Stations 2 Geostationary Satellite Links 2 Operational Control Centers
9 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 GPS WAAS/SBAS Aviation Benefits Increased Runway Access More direct en route flight paths New precision approach services Reduced and simplified equipment on board aircraft Potential elimination of some ground-based navigation aids (NDB, VOR, ILS) can provide a cost saving to air navigation service provider 9
10 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 WAAS Approach Procedures Today 10 2209 LPV Approaches as of 26 August 2010 Publication
11 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 SBAS Future Considerations Dual frequency GNSS services in protected aeronautical bands –Enables aircraft receiver direct estimation and removal of ionospheric delay errors Single largest source of vertical position uncertainty Most significant remaining threats are satellite failure based –Design a new VPL equation targeting single satellite faults India, Russia (and potentially China) are developing SBAS systems Investigate potential to expand LPV to global coverage 11
12 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Current SBAS Reference Networks 12
13 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Current LPV-200 Coverage (Single Frequency GPS) WAAS EGNOS MSAS 13 Modeling provided by Stanford University Note: Model does not account for Intelsat Galaxy 15 satellite anomaly
14 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Future LPV-200 Coverage (Dual Frequency GPS) WAAS EGNOS MSAS 14 Modeling provided by Stanford University
15 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Current + Future Planned Reference Networks 15
16 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Future LPV-200 Coverage (Dual Frequency GPS + Additional SBAS) WAAS EGNOS MSAS GAGAN SDCM 16 Modeling provided by Stanford University
17 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Current + Future Planned + Expanded Reference Networks 17
18 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Future LPV-200 Coverage (Dual Frequency GPS + Additional SBAS and Expanded Networks) WAAS EGNOS MSAS GAGAN SDCM 18 Modeling provided by Stanford University
19 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Future LPV-200 Coverage (Dual Frequency GPS + Expanded Networks + Two GNSS Constellations) WAAS EGNOS MSAS GAGAN SDCM 19 Modeling provided by Stanford University
20 Prague GNSS Workshop – 24-25 September 2010 Summary GBAS/LAAS making progress toward ultimate goal of providing Category III capability Single frequency coverage is good within the countries fielding SBAS Dual frequency extends LPV coverage outside reference networks Expanding networks into southern hemisphere could allow global coverage of land masses Multi-Constellation SBAS allows even greater coverage with fewer stations –Compatible Geodesy and Time Standards are Important 20